In Catalonia and the Mediterranean region of the Iberian Peninsula we find one of the most remarkable ensembles of post-Palaeolithic rock art, recognised in 1998 as a UNESCO World Heritage site under the name Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula (ARAMPI). This ensemble includes 759 sites with paintings, around 60 of which are located in Catalonia. The rock art of this period is classified into three main styles: Levantine art (naturalistic or realistic), schematic art, and macro-schematic art. Despite their stylistic differences, they all share common features such as their location in rock shelters or open-air areas and a chronology spanning from the end of the Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age. The paintings from this period are characteristically monochrome — mainly red tones — with flat, two-dimensional figures.
 
Levantine art stands out as the first narrative art in Europe, thanks to its ability to depict dynamic scenes of daily and symbolic life. These scenes include hunting, honey gathering, armed conflicts, dances, and other moments of social life. Animal figures are shown with great realism, while human figures are represented performing various actions such as dancing, hunting, or socialising. Details of clothing, ornaments, and tools — such as bows, arrows, or bags — add a unique richness not seen in earlier prehistoric art.
 
The origin and chronology of Levantine art have been the subject of debate for decades. Some research associates it with the last hunter-gatherer societies (9000–5500 BCE), while others link it to the first Neolithic farming societies (5500–2200 BCE). Despite this controversy regarding its beginnings, most studies agree in placing its development throughout the Neolithic period.
 
Since its inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List, numerous additional rock-art sites have been discovered, but as the List is closed they do not appear among the 60 sites included in the following list.