Origins

If you want to take a trip back in time and get an insight into the Spanish Civil War, Poble Vell de Corbera d'Ebre is a must-see.

Located at the top of the Montera hillock, it is one of the most symbolic places of the Battle of the Ebro, the most difficult and decisive of the war. Between 25 July and 16 November 1938, after 115 intense days of conflict, life in Corbera d'Ebre changed.

Located on the front line of the Republican Front, the old part of the village was destroyed by aerial bombardment and artillery from Franco's army. The village was abandoned and, over time, the community moved to the lower part of the hill and built Poble Nou.

Now Poble Vell is a place of memory, an open-air museum. It provides a first-hand account of the historical facts and the devastating consequences of the war. In addition to the streets and houses, we can also admire the monuments to the International Brigades and the 'Permanent Flame', the sculpture 'The Boot', by Joan Brossa, and 'La Foradada'. A must-see is the Freedom Alphabet, a collection of 28 works spread out around the town to emphasise the value of words over force and violence. And the spectacular late 18th-century Baroque church, Església Vella de Sant Pere, which remained standing despite the battle. It has since been restored and now hosts artistic and cultural events.

In 1992, Poble Vell de Corbera d'Ebre was declared a Cultural Asset of National Interest by the Government of Catalonia and is a monument to Peace.

Castelldefels Castle is perched on a hill at 59 metres above sea level. This monumental ensemble, which lends its name to the town, was built in the 10th century over what had been an Iberian settlement and, later, a Roman villa.

The castle was strategically constructed overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, overlooking a commanding position to control the territory and the coastal strip.

It was used for centuries as a fortress to defend the Eramprunyà barony, and was restored and fortified in the 16th century against attacks by Berber privateers.

Piracy began to fade away in the 18th century, and the castle fell into the hands of several noble families. One name that is closely associated with the fortification is the banker Manuel Girona, who bought and spearheaded the restoration of this iconic city landmark in 1897.

During the 20th century, it was used as a military training centre by the Republican authorities during the Civil War in 1937 and early 1938. Shortly afterwards, the castle and church were converted into a prison for international brigade members in March of the same year. Visitors can see original graffiti by these brigadiers in Santa Maria church in Castelldefels. This 10th-century church is the part of the ensemble that retains the oldest remains, with walls dating from the Iberian, Roman, medieval, modern and contemporary periods.

Both the castle and the church have been declared a Cultural Asset of National Interest.

Another impressive feature is the Fencing Room, which is decorated with 18th century paintings, and the Institutional Room, or the Noble Room, which bore witness to the grand feasts and celebrations attended by the Catalan bourgeoisie at the beginning of the 20th century, and which retains its neo-Gothic décor.

The collection of rock paintings in the Muntanyes de Prades is made up of around forty archaeological sites, only three of which are open to visitors: Portell dels Lletres, Mas d'en Llort and Mas d'en Ramon d'en Bessó.
 
The compositions and pictorial scenes preserved here show hunters and wild animals such as goats, deer, bovines, or wild boars, as well as herders with domesticated animals and a large number of abstract signs and symbols. They depict the transition from hunting and gathering (simpler language) to agriculture (more complex language).
 
This may also have been a space for solar worship: in addition to the hunting scenes, we can see depictions of honey harvesting and sunsets.
 
in order to facilitate the interpretation of all these paintings, the Rock Art Interpretation Centre of the Mountains of Prades was created in Montblanc. It presents a significant sample of these prehistoric images as well as an exhibit with full-sized reconstructions of the rock shelters where they are found.
 
Some of these archaeological sites (around fifteen) were included in the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1998 together with the other rock art sites in the Mediterranean Basin of the Iberian Peninsula. They are also included in the Rock Art Route.

The rock paintings of El Cocó de la Gralla, which are over 8,000 years old, were discovered in 2004 by a local, but the authorities were not informed of their existence until ten years later.
 
These paintings are found in the nature park of Els Ports, in the ravine of Montpou in the municipality of Mas de Barberans (Montsià). An extraordinary find, they show a type of figure not documented in Catalonia until 2018.

This set of paintings shows 69 figures in the Eastern Iberian or naturalist style, including 27 archers, 4 human figures and 3 goats. Some are depicted wearing ornaments such as feathers. Especially noteworthy are two rows of running archers, as well as a number of animals and footprints, which make up a possible hunting scene. These figures make this one of the most exceptional collections of rock art in Catalonia.

The town of Capçanes, in the Priorat region, houses the largest collection of rock paintings in Catalonia. This includes a total of 19 pieces in two ravines: the Barranc de la Vall and the Barranc de Parellada. One of the most important pieces is ‘The Sacrifice’, a mural with 27 figures showing a human sacrifice, a rarity in Eastern Iberian art that makes the site a unique find.  
 
Among the more than 150 human and animal figures depicted, a large 54-cm bull stands out. It is one of the largest registered pieces of rock art, along with three carvings of deer on the rock overhang. This is the first collection of paintings found on an overhang in Catalonia. They date from a period when rock art was not common in the region, and it may therefore be one of the oldest pieces of rock art in Catalonia.

Since the first excavations in the 19th century, the significant archaeological heritage in the Pla de l'Estany has been revealed. And it is here that some of the most outstanding archaeological sites in Catalonia are found. The results of this work carried out in the region are brought together in the Banyoles Regional Archaeological Museum. Thus, it comes as no surprise that the Museum houses one of the most important collections of palaeontology and archaeology in Catalonia.

The Museum officially opened in 1943 and since then has been housed in the Gothic palace of Pia Almoina. From 2000 to 2009, the museum was refurbished, bringing it up-to-date with modern museum standards. Currently, the Banyoles Regional Archaeological Museum has three permanent exhibition rooms (the Palaeontology, Prehistory and History rooms) that allow you to take a tour from the upper Tertiary period until the 18th century.

In the Palaeontology room, highlights include fossils of large animals from the Tertiary period and the Quaternary periods, such as the skull of a saber-toothed tiger from the archaeological site at Incarcal. The Prehistory room gives pride of place to the Neanderthal jaw bone from Banyoles found in the Pla de la Formiga in 1887 and also displays several pieces from the Neolithic settlements of La Draga and the Caves of Serinyà.
 
The History room explains what the Pla de l’Estany was like through the finds made principally in the Iberian village of Mas Castell de Porqueres and the Roman villa of Vilauba. In terms of the Medieval-Modern period, the display focuses mainly on the old town of Banyoles.

Between 75,000 and 40,000 years ago, the cliff of Capelló was a shelter for Neanderthals, an extinct species of hominid who were organised into small communities of hunter-gatherers. Thousands of years later, Abric Romaní revealed to archaeologists what life was like for a species who shared common evolutionary ancestry with modern man.

In terms of the number and the importance of the findings, Abric Romaní has become one of the principal Middle Palaeolithic sites on the Iberian Peninsula. Thanks to these discoveries, it is possible to reconstruct the modus vivendi of these communities and their interaction with the natural environment in which they lived.

In addition, Abric Romaní, which is still in the process of excavation, has, for the first time allowed us to determine (for Neanderthal groups) the occupation strategies, the structure of their dwellings, subsistence strategies, the technologies of fire and tools, etc. Notable among the remains recovered are scores of wooden objects (the largest collection in the world with such an ancient chronology), close to 200 fireplaces and numerous tools made of stone and bone that demonstrate some very technically advanced production systems.

Abric Romaní forms part of the NEAN-Capellades Prehistoric Park, which includes some 20 archaeological sites in total, and acts as a centre for the dissemination of prehistory and the promotion of cultural tourism.

With 42 painted figures and 260 other images carved into the rock, La Roca dels Moros del Cogul, in Les Garrigues, is one of the most outstanding and best-conserved rock-art sites in Catalonia. Amongst the most outstanding scenes depicted are a hunting scene and a phallic dance, an exceptional representation of a ritual event, which lends credence to the idea of the cave being a place for religious practices.

This area of Les Garrigues has been inhabited continuously by humans since the Paleolithic period and the cave was used for about 5000 years as a place of worship. The last hunter-gatherers (8th - 5th millennium BC) left behind paintings known as Levantine art. Later, from the 5th- 2nd millennium BC, Neolithic groups covered up the reliefs in the rock to draw representations of their own beliefs (diverse representations that fall within the classification of schematic art ). Researchers have also identified later inscriptions from the Iberian and Roman periods, though many are illegible.